Introduction
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a common infection in newborns, also known as neonatal conjunctivitis. It is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent layer that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids, caused by bacterial infection. This infection can lead to serious complications if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns.
Causes
Bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns can be caused by several types of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The infection can be acquired during delivery if the mother has a bacterial infection in her genital tract. It can also be acquired from contaminated equipment during delivery or after birth.
Symptoms
The symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns may include redness, swelling, and discharge from the eyes. The discharge may be thick and yellow or green in color, and the eyelids may stick together, especially after sleeping. The baby may also be fussy and have a fever.
Diagnosis
Bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns is diagnosed by a physical examination of the baby’s eyes and by taking a sample of the discharge for laboratory testing. The doctor may also perform a blood test to check for any underlying conditions that may be causing the infection.
Treatment
The treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns involves antibiotics, either topical or oral. The doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointment to be applied directly to the eyes several times a day. In some cases, oral antibiotics may be necessary to treat the infection. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor.
Prevention
Preventing bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns involves good hygiene practices during delivery and after birth. The mother should be screened for bacterial infections during pregnancy and treated if necessary. The delivery equipment should be properly sterilized, and the baby’s eyes should be cleaned with sterile cotton balls or gauze immediately after birth.
Complications
Complications of bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns can include corneal ulcers, scarring, and vision loss. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of the body, leading to serious complications such as meningitis.
Conclusion
Bacterial conjunctivitis in newborns is a serious infection that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Good hygiene practices during delivery and after birth can help prevent the infection. If your baby shows any symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis, seek medical attention immediately. With proper treatment, most babies recover fully from this infection.