Renowned physicist Chen-Ning Yang has passed away at the age of 103, leaving behind a legacy that reshaped our understanding of fundamental forces in nature. His work on parity laws, which challenged the widely accepted notion of symmetry between left and right, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957.
Yang's journey to this milestone began during his time at Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study in the early 1950s, where he befriended Tsung-Dao Lee, another young Chinese émigré. Together, they revolutionized the field of physics by demonstrating that parity laws were not absolute and could be broken under certain conditions.
One of Yang's most significant contributions came from an idea conceived in 1953, which he developed with the help of Robert Mills. This theory, now known as Yang-Mills theories, successfully described the weak and strong nuclear forces, laying the foundation for modern particle physics. However, it was not without controversy; the acerbic theorist Wolfgang Pauli publicly questioned Yang's work, which nearly derailed his career.
Yang's insights were rooted in the success of quantum electrodynamics (QED), a theory that described the interaction between electrically charged particles and light. The key to QED was its "local gauge invariance," which ensured that its equations applied uniformly throughout space and time – a fundamental property known as "vector" or "gauge" invariance.
Yang's work on vector particles, which carry a sense of direction, challenged the conventional understanding of these entities. He proposed that massless vector particles could be responsible for certain forces, including the weak nuclear force. Although his initial ideas were met with skepticism, Yang persevered and eventually collaborated with Peter Higgs and others to develop a deeper understanding of the "mass mechanism" that confirmed the existence of massive vector particles – now known as W bosons.
Yang's contributions extended beyond particle physics; he also made significant contributions in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. In his later years, he played a crucial role in establishing large-scale research centers in China and received numerous awards for his work, including the US National Medal of Science.
Throughout his life, Yang remained devoted to his family and continued to push the boundaries of human knowledge until his passing at the age of 103. His legacy serves as a testament to the power of perseverance and innovation, inspiring future generations of scientists to tackle the most fundamental questions in physics.
Yang's journey to this milestone began during his time at Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study in the early 1950s, where he befriended Tsung-Dao Lee, another young Chinese émigré. Together, they revolutionized the field of physics by demonstrating that parity laws were not absolute and could be broken under certain conditions.
One of Yang's most significant contributions came from an idea conceived in 1953, which he developed with the help of Robert Mills. This theory, now known as Yang-Mills theories, successfully described the weak and strong nuclear forces, laying the foundation for modern particle physics. However, it was not without controversy; the acerbic theorist Wolfgang Pauli publicly questioned Yang's work, which nearly derailed his career.
Yang's insights were rooted in the success of quantum electrodynamics (QED), a theory that described the interaction between electrically charged particles and light. The key to QED was its "local gauge invariance," which ensured that its equations applied uniformly throughout space and time – a fundamental property known as "vector" or "gauge" invariance.
Yang's work on vector particles, which carry a sense of direction, challenged the conventional understanding of these entities. He proposed that massless vector particles could be responsible for certain forces, including the weak nuclear force. Although his initial ideas were met with skepticism, Yang persevered and eventually collaborated with Peter Higgs and others to develop a deeper understanding of the "mass mechanism" that confirmed the existence of massive vector particles – now known as W bosons.
Yang's contributions extended beyond particle physics; he also made significant contributions in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. In his later years, he played a crucial role in establishing large-scale research centers in China and received numerous awards for his work, including the US National Medal of Science.
Throughout his life, Yang remained devoted to his family and continued to push the boundaries of human knowledge until his passing at the age of 103. His legacy serves as a testament to the power of perseverance and innovation, inspiring future generations of scientists to tackle the most fundamental questions in physics.