A poetic elegy for a bygone era, Lionel Johnson's 'Renegade' is a poignant lament for an ideal lost to disillusionment and defeat. The poem's refrain, a repeated yet varied invocation ("For all that now is over"), serves as a stark reminder of the irreversibility of loss, leaving only echoes in its wake.
In this elegiac verse, Johnson masterfully weaves together threads of classicism, personal identity, and the Decadent movement, imbuing his work with a distinct Welsh-Irish sensibility. Through the eyes of the speaker, a 'merchant of earth's market-place' rather than a lover, we are transported to a world where memories of a transcendent "Holy Land" refuse to fade.
Yet what is this "Holy Land," and how has it been irreparably lost? Johnson's poetry often carries hints of suppressed homosexuality, though here the speaker's longing seems more broadly associated with an ideal rather than explicitly erotic. The lines "charmed communion with high things unseen" and "banished secret" allude to a realm beyond the mundane, one that may be linked to Catholicism or another spiritual practice.
Johnson's dedication to his friend Arthur Chamberlain, though enigmatic, reinforces the sense of intimacy and shared experience. As in 'The Precept of Silence,' which conveys a similar sense of confessional trust, the speaker seems to draw upon this bond for solace.
In its masterful deployment of language, cadence, and imagery, 'Renegade' serves as a powerful exploration of loss, longing, and the enduring power of memory. Johnson's use of pararhyme in the opening lines underscores the certainty of loss, while his evocation of an ancient market scene injects a haunting sense of timelessness into the poem.
Through the speaker's inner world, we see a complex interplay between public appearance and private pain. This tension allows Johnson to create a richly nuanced portrait that is both deeply personal and universally relatable, a true testament to the timeless power of his lyric verse.
In this elegiac verse, Johnson masterfully weaves together threads of classicism, personal identity, and the Decadent movement, imbuing his work with a distinct Welsh-Irish sensibility. Through the eyes of the speaker, a 'merchant of earth's market-place' rather than a lover, we are transported to a world where memories of a transcendent "Holy Land" refuse to fade.
Yet what is this "Holy Land," and how has it been irreparably lost? Johnson's poetry often carries hints of suppressed homosexuality, though here the speaker's longing seems more broadly associated with an ideal rather than explicitly erotic. The lines "charmed communion with high things unseen" and "banished secret" allude to a realm beyond the mundane, one that may be linked to Catholicism or another spiritual practice.
Johnson's dedication to his friend Arthur Chamberlain, though enigmatic, reinforces the sense of intimacy and shared experience. As in 'The Precept of Silence,' which conveys a similar sense of confessional trust, the speaker seems to draw upon this bond for solace.
In its masterful deployment of language, cadence, and imagery, 'Renegade' serves as a powerful exploration of loss, longing, and the enduring power of memory. Johnson's use of pararhyme in the opening lines underscores the certainty of loss, while his evocation of an ancient market scene injects a haunting sense of timelessness into the poem.
Through the speaker's inner world, we see a complex interplay between public appearance and private pain. This tension allows Johnson to create a richly nuanced portrait that is both deeply personal and universally relatable, a true testament to the timeless power of his lyric verse.