Valve's Steam Machine Hardware Hobbled by HDMI 2.1 Driver Limitations
When Valve unveiled its upcoming Steam Machine hardware last month, gamers may have been surprised to see that the official specs listed support for HDMI 2.0 output instead of the updated, higher-bandwidth HDMI 2.1 standard introduced in 2017.
According to the company, while the hardware itself actually supports HDMI 2.1, Valve is struggling to offer full support for this standard due to Linux drivers that are still a work-in-progress on the software side. The issue lies with open source AMD drivers used by SteamOS, which cannot fully implement features specific to HDMI 2.1.
The HDMI Forum has officially blocked any open source implementation of HDMI 2.1, rendering it impossible for Valve's hardware to take full advantage of the higher bandwidth and improved color accuracy this standard offers.
Valve has had to validate the Steam Machine's HDMI 2.1 capabilities via Windows during testing and is working on unblocking these limitations in SteamOS. They have managed to increase the limit of HDMI 2.0 resolution and frame rate limits to support "4K @ 120Hz" output, thanks to a technique called chroma sub-sampling.
However, this workaround compresses luminance data that defines the color range of the video signal, affecting overall picture quality, especially in games with strong text focus. SteamOS users can use DisplayPort 1.4 output as an alternative, which supports even more bandwidth and can be converted to an HDMI signal using a simple dongle.
The lack of full HDMI 2.1 support also limits how the Steam Machine will handle adaptive sync refresh rates. Valve currently supports AMD's FreeSync standard over HDMI but is unable to support the generalized HDMI-VRR allowed by the 2.1 standard due to driver issues.
While these video standards issues may not be major problems for most players, they highlight some of the design points Valve needs to address when building new Linux-based gaming hardware.
When Valve unveiled its upcoming Steam Machine hardware last month, gamers may have been surprised to see that the official specs listed support for HDMI 2.0 output instead of the updated, higher-bandwidth HDMI 2.1 standard introduced in 2017.
According to the company, while the hardware itself actually supports HDMI 2.1, Valve is struggling to offer full support for this standard due to Linux drivers that are still a work-in-progress on the software side. The issue lies with open source AMD drivers used by SteamOS, which cannot fully implement features specific to HDMI 2.1.
The HDMI Forum has officially blocked any open source implementation of HDMI 2.1, rendering it impossible for Valve's hardware to take full advantage of the higher bandwidth and improved color accuracy this standard offers.
Valve has had to validate the Steam Machine's HDMI 2.1 capabilities via Windows during testing and is working on unblocking these limitations in SteamOS. They have managed to increase the limit of HDMI 2.0 resolution and frame rate limits to support "4K @ 120Hz" output, thanks to a technique called chroma sub-sampling.
However, this workaround compresses luminance data that defines the color range of the video signal, affecting overall picture quality, especially in games with strong text focus. SteamOS users can use DisplayPort 1.4 output as an alternative, which supports even more bandwidth and can be converted to an HDMI signal using a simple dongle.
The lack of full HDMI 2.1 support also limits how the Steam Machine will handle adaptive sync refresh rates. Valve currently supports AMD's FreeSync standard over HDMI but is unable to support the generalized HDMI-VRR allowed by the 2.1 standard due to driver issues.
While these video standards issues may not be major problems for most players, they highlight some of the design points Valve needs to address when building new Linux-based gaming hardware.