Introduction
Multiple Myeloma is a type of cancer that affects the plasma cells in the bone marrow, which are responsible for producing antibodies. The cancerous plasma cells produce abnormal proteins that can cause various complications in the body, including a decrease in the level of albumin in the blood. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind the low albumin levels in Multiple Myeloma.
What is Albumin?
Albumin is a protein produced by the liver that helps to maintain the fluid balance in the body. It also plays a crucial role in transporting various substances such as hormones, enzymes, and drugs. Albumin constitutes around 60% of the total protein in the blood, and a decrease in its level can indicate various medical conditions.
How Multiple Myeloma Affects Albumin Levels
Multiple Myeloma can cause a decrease in the level of albumin in the blood due to various reasons. Firstly, the cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow can produce abnormal proteins that can bind with albumin and decrease its level. Secondly, the cancer cells can also cause damage to the liver, which can affect the production of albumin. Lastly, the cancer can cause an increase in the permeability of the blood vessels, leading to a leakage of albumin into the tissues.
Symptoms of Low Albumin Levels
A decrease in the level of albumin in the blood can cause various symptoms such as swelling in the legs and abdomen, fatigue, and weakness. It can also lead to a decrease in the blood pressure, which can cause dizziness and fainting.
Diagnosing Low Albumin Levels in Multiple Myeloma
Low albumin levels can be diagnosed through a blood test that measures the level of albumin in the blood. In addition, other tests such as a liver function test and a kidney function test may also be performed to determine the underlying cause of the low albumin level.
Treatment for Low Albumin Levels in Multiple Myeloma
The treatment for low albumin levels in Multiple Myeloma depends on the underlying cause of the condition. If the low albumin level is due to the cancerous plasma cells producing abnormal proteins, then chemotherapy or immunotherapy may be used to target the cancer cells. In addition, medications such as diuretics may be prescribed to reduce the swelling caused by fluid buildup in the tissues.
Preventing Low Albumin Levels in Multiple Myeloma
Preventing low albumin levels in Multiple Myeloma involves managing the underlying cancer and its complications. This can be achieved through regular checkups with a doctor and adhering to the prescribed treatment plan. A balanced diet that includes protein-rich foods can also help to maintain the level of albumin in the blood.
Conclusion
Low albumin levels are a common complication of Multiple Myeloma, which can cause various symptoms and complications. It is essential to diagnose and treat the condition promptly to prevent further complications. By managing the underlying cancer and adhering to a healthy lifestyle, it is possible to maintain the level of albumin in the blood and improve the quality of life of the patient.