The article discusses the current state of Russia's war economy and its implications for Ukraine. Here are the main points:
1. **Economic hardship**: Ordinary Russians are experiencing economic hardship due to inflation, stagnant wages, and a decline in living standards.
2. **Optimism softening**: Economic optimism among Russians has softened, with 39% believing that economic conditions are getting worse, up from 29% in 2022.
3. **Military spending**: Russian military expenditure as a share of GDP has doubled to more than 7%, but the rise in spending has now slowed, with only a 0.1 percentage point increase between 2024 and 2025.
4. **Borrowing options**: Russia has relatively low debt stocks, making borrowing possible, although access to international markets has been cut since the invasion and subsequent sanctions.
5. **Taxation**: Taxes could be raised again to maintain military spending, but this is not a guaranteed option.
6. **Oil prices**: Further falls in oil prices may increase precariousness, while rises might stabilize Russia's war economy.
7. **Short-term stability**: Experts conclude that Russia should be able to keep paying for the war in the short term due to its ability to print money, raise taxes, and nationalize businesses.
8. **Potential for growing discontent**: Growing economic discontent among Russians could translate into growing political discontent, but this is not yet evident.
The article suggests that Ukraine's negotiators will now focus on the fact that Russia's war economy is showing signs of weakness and cannot last forever.
1. **Economic hardship**: Ordinary Russians are experiencing economic hardship due to inflation, stagnant wages, and a decline in living standards.
2. **Optimism softening**: Economic optimism among Russians has softened, with 39% believing that economic conditions are getting worse, up from 29% in 2022.
3. **Military spending**: Russian military expenditure as a share of GDP has doubled to more than 7%, but the rise in spending has now slowed, with only a 0.1 percentage point increase between 2024 and 2025.
4. **Borrowing options**: Russia has relatively low debt stocks, making borrowing possible, although access to international markets has been cut since the invasion and subsequent sanctions.
5. **Taxation**: Taxes could be raised again to maintain military spending, but this is not a guaranteed option.
6. **Oil prices**: Further falls in oil prices may increase precariousness, while rises might stabilize Russia's war economy.
7. **Short-term stability**: Experts conclude that Russia should be able to keep paying for the war in the short term due to its ability to print money, raise taxes, and nationalize businesses.
8. **Potential for growing discontent**: Growing economic discontent among Russians could translate into growing political discontent, but this is not yet evident.
The article suggests that Ukraine's negotiators will now focus on the fact that Russia's war economy is showing signs of weakness and cannot last forever.